pentland



R. PENTLAND.l PERPETUL CALENDAR. APPLICATION FILED DI'Cx 3, 1919.

Patented July 27, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

R. PENTLAND.

PEIIPETIIAL CALENDAR.

APPLICATION FILED 050.3, 1919. 1,348,044, Patented July 27, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- aoBEn'r PENTLAND, or JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

PEnPETuALcALENnAR Alipiioation inea December 3, 1919. Se'riaiN'o. 342,074.

To all whom may concern Be it known that I, VROBERT PENTLAND, a citizen of the United States, 'residing at Jacksonville, in the County of Duval and State vof Florida, have invented certain new and useful VImprovements in Perpetual Calendars, of which "the following is a specification. 1

This invention relates to perpetual calendars and has as its primary object to provide a device which may be manipulated soV as to instantly produce a complete calendar- H for any year, past, present, or future and which yearly 'calendar will in all c ases `be an accurate oney for the year selected.

I am aware of the fact that various kinds of .perpetual calendars have been placed upon the market or have' been revised or suggested, but I'have as yet failed'to find any other thanv the calendar of the present invention, which vwill give absolutely'accurate f As' is wellreadings for all past years. known to those familiar with thefsubj ect the old Julian calendar was, through thef 'efforts of Gregory XIII corrected October 4, 1582, this corrected ealendarbeing adopted by Italy, France, Spain and practically all other Catholic countries. yIt was not, however, until vSeptember 2, 17 52 that a 'corrected Vform of theJiilian calendar wasY accepted nonadopted by the 'generally beingmade Catholic countries, the change by Great Britain on that date, and the calendar as thus corrected vbeing the one now in use in all English speaking countries.' VThis change involvedthe omission from the c alendar of eleven days.

dars do not accurately lossof vtime so that in attempting to obtain month or week dates prior to 175,3, accurate results cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is another objectv of the present invention to compensate for the corrections made inthe calendar so' that accur'atefresults may be V p obtained for any year .past, or a current year or a future year.

I have also observed :that in practically all calendars of this general Vclass heretofore.' v

the-pivot maybe Athreaded and the same has fitted or secured thereto a turn-'button indi#y devised, it has been necessary to manipulate a plurality of. movable members and even to mentally must be employedlin the manipulation of the members. The invention ktherefore has as a further object to'provide a calendar the f movable part of which may bev readily-and I have found that previously devised so called perpetual calen compensate for this calculate certain results -which quickly manipulated oi adj-ustedso asito ob# ,specification ofLeaersraient. 'Pafted .jll1y.27,120 l tain the calendar foi'any year and without the necessity of repeated manipulations of'.`

the movable'member and of calculating anyV results which are to be employed as a guide n the movement or adjustment of themem'- er. I

In the accompanying drawings:

'Figure 1 is a view looking at one tion; f

Fig. 2 is line 2%2 of Fig. 1;:- V

'FigjByis a view similar to Fig. 1 looking at thefopposite face'of the calendar;

Fig. 4 is aview ofl completecalendars for Y y the years 1582 and 1752 showing the corrections made lin the Julian'calen'dar1 in these years.

far 'as its mechanical'construction-is face of vthecalendar embodying the present inven-` a vertical sectionalview on the 'Y concerned, the calendar embodying' the invention comprises twoface plates or sheets which may be of metal, celliiloid, cardboard,

or any other material suitable' forthe purpose and one of which is `indicated by 'the numeral 1 and the other by the numeral 2, and a rotatable disk which is indicatedby the numeral- 3 and'which may likewise'be of any ofthe above mentioned materials orv any other materialsuitable for the vpurpose and whichis mounted between the plates 1 and 2. The disk 3 may be of single or of 'double' ply construction andthe same is of general circular form. as` illustrated -by'the dotted lines in Fig. 1 lof the drawings, whereasthe plates 1 and 2 are preferably rectangular and have their margins secured together'in i any suitable manner as for example by rivets'- or other suitable fastening' elementsivwhich f may be located at'or adjacent the corners of the plate 'or at any other convenientpoints.

In order to rotatably mount the Vdisk 3 between the plates 1 ,and 2,a pivot'ory any other suitable devicev may be employed, the

ivot in the shank rotatably fitted through an opening' 6 formed in the plate 2 and/being provided manner forv -rotation with the said pivot.v

The plate' 1 is provided with a circularV resent' instance havingv its Vwith ya substantially flathead 7 which convgrasped for the purpose ofnrotating the pivot, the disk 3 being-fixed inany suitable 11,10

.25 Y e Y Y Y 17 ofthe iirst century'or the seventeenth year of any other century,.isyfound in theV opening 9 concentric to the pivot 5, and

upon the face of this Yplate surrounding and concentric to the openingthere is print` ed an annular series of ordinals indicated by the numeralv 10, the series being divided into a plurality of sectors 11 by lines 12 which are radial to the pivot 5. Onea or more arroWslB at the margin ofthe series of numerals 10 indicates theV direction vin whichy the numerals or ordinals are var'- ranged in ascending order. Thereware seven ofthe sectorsy 11 and as .amatter of con. veniencethese sectors are indicated by the, reference characaters 112.11211?, 11d, 11e,- l Iffreferenceis nowhad toV F ig. 3 it Will be observed that takingV any;

iif, and iig.

year or ordinal, the ordinal designating Vthe succeeding year will be found in4 the next adjacent` sector proceeding in the dti-` rection indicated by the arrow 13 or, in`V other words,in anv anti-'clockwise direction With the exception that upon the occurrence .of ya -Vleap year, the one sector Will 4beV skipped.

rhus,-forexample, the year or dinal 17 Y which may represent y the year sector 11; the ordinal 18 representing the `eighteenth yearlofthe first or any other centuryjis foundin Athe sector 11b., and, the

year ordinal 19 is found in the sector 11.

However, `as the twentieth year of any centuryrrisa leap year, theA yearordinal 20 will not be found inithe nextsector 11d butl in the sector 11e. Thus the next year Yordinal 21 `Willjbe found in the sector 11f, the

l year ordinal 22 in the sector 11g, andthe year ordinalx23 in the sectorulla-but the` year ordinal 24, representinga'leapyear will not be found in the sector 11'b but inthe sectorll. VIn practice the year oidinals representing leap years Will bev printed' in;v :some distinguishing color Vor type so thatl they will not be confused vWith the. year. or-v dinalsrepresenting ordinary years and thisV method of distinction is clearly illustrated inthesaid F ig. 3. It'Will now be apparent that beginning With the year ordinal 00 int-he sector 11?, the-year ordinals are. consccutivelyarranged in inumerical order' in an anti-clockwisedirection, succeeding year ordinalsl beinglocated inneXt adiacent secf tor's'finthe direction statedexcept in the inlstance of the leap years whichvare separatedl from the year ordinals representing preceding year ordinal bya `skipped Asector; Alsoit will be evident `that WhileV the year' ordinals are arranged in sectors defined by radial lines 12, they may-asa inatteiizo'f.v

fact be considered as arranged in groups.

One face Vof the disk- 3, which :falce is exfg posed Within the opening 9 in the plate 1,i is .divided by radial `lines 111 into sectors 15 corresponding in numbertothe sectors ,Y 11,I and printed in an annular series upon ordinal 17 Britain September Y Vthe present calendarma'yibe employed "like-l v* the face of the. and" euskadi aide im@ lgrotups'by the lines forming the sectors, are

rordinals` 16 vfv representingl centurial years. As a matter of convenience the sectors 15 are Vseverally indicated by the numerals 15?, 15b,

156,151, 15e, 15f and 15g. The centurial year Vordin'als,I 1,6 lbeginning With 0 inthe sector 152L Y are arr anged n numerical order throughout successive", sectors in an anticlockwise direction andiivhile, inthe illustrated embodiment of @the @invention the Y .highestfcenturial year ordinall is 120, vit will beunderstood that the calendar; 'be ,given an'runliinitedy rangeby extending the series of these ordinals to any extent'de` siredt In the illustrated arrangement,l` bei. ginning with the centurial year ordinal O in the sector 15;We find the centufrial year ordinal1 1 inthe. sector 15b, the ;cen- .turial year ordinal 2 in thesector n15T", andj so Aon in numerical'order throughout'the series of*V sectorsiiiglan anti-clockwise direcr tionv until Wereach'the' centuriali` year-.ordinal 17 in the sector 15?; As 'the Vcalendar'iyas `changed in 17 52', the centurialvyear in the said sector 15?- is supple-- niented by the annual Lyear ordinal 51 as indicatedby theV numeral' 17 so as .tovrecall tothe user., of the calendar thev factfthat.,

the arrangement of centurial yeargordinals in )successive sectors holds goodup to and throughthe year 1751 butlif itis desired to find any; date or obtain the year, calendar;

.for the year1753 or vany lsubsequent yearV inthe eighteenth century, itwill be neces'.-V `sary to1have reference tothe sector 15Min which appears another centurialyearordi nal 17 with a supplemental-annual ordinal preferablyiin a'color distinguish-` 105 ing it from-.the centurial year 'ordinal17 1n the sectorvlfl., A

At thispoint it may-be stated -that the use ofthe calendar vany complete.yearV ordinal maybe produced by. vrotating the disk Sito such position` as to register the particular sector 15? Thus the` complete; ordinal Aof l the present.. year 1919, the diskwould -berota'ted to such-po@ gsition that the sector l turial year ordinal 19 containing f the cenf.

registers With the Y.110 containing the centufy Y. rial year ordinal with the' vsector 11 con`A taining therequired vannual ordinal. for example ifit AVwasdesired Ito produceV V 5:

sector 1.1c containing the annual ordinal-- 19.V To Obtainthe complete year ordinal 1920, the disk wise in calculating dates by the calendar as corrected kby GregoryXlll on October 4, 1582,v a secondannular series of centurial year ordinals, indicated by the numeral 18 is printed upon the face of the disk 3 within the bounds of and concentric to the series 16 and is dividedinto groups orr sectors by the radial division lines 14. Thearrangement of the ordinals of the series 18 is similar to that of the ordinals of the series 16, the former ranging from O to 15 with the supplemental annual ordinal 81, Aand then from 15 with the supplemental annual ordinal S3 to the ordinal 20.

The plate 2 is provided with a series of rectangular openings 19, the series being concentric to the pivot 5, and the disk 3 has printed upon its face which is presented to the said plate 2,l seven complete monthly calendars the day ordinals of which are ar-V ranged consecutively in transversely extending week rows and in vertical Vday columns asin the ordinary types of monthly calendars now in general useand each ofv these calendars, indicated by the numeral 2O embraces thirty-one month dates and the arrangement is such that lin one of the calendars the first day of the month will appear -in the day column headed by the day abbreviation Sun, the first day of the month in the next month calendar in the series in an anti-clockwise direction will appear in the day column headed bythe abbreviation Mon, and so on throughout the series.

Radial lines 21 divide the space surrounded by the seiies of openings 19, intoa plurality' of sectors 22, in each of which there is printed one or more month names or their abbreviations. Thus in one sectorvwe have the month names January and October, in the next adjacent sectoi in a clockwise dii'ection, the month names January, April and` July; in the next sector the month names September and December; in the Anext June; in the next March, February and November; in the next February and August, and in the remaining one May. lt will be observed that January appears in two other sectors as does also February, and this is y done in oi'der to compensate for leap years,

and to this end the word January appearing in the sector containing also themonth names April and July will appeaiin some distinguishing color as vforexaniple red, and likewise February appearing in the sector with August and printed yin a distinguishing color. f v

lt will now be evident that upon rotating the disk 3 to cause registration of ythe 'sectors 15 and 11 in order to produce any desired combination of centuriafl and annual years and thus Jform a given complete year ordinal, the monthly calendars or blocks 2O will be brought into position opposite certain respective ones of the openings 19 and the arrangement is such that .for anyyear selected ,and composed through rotation of the disk 3, the correct calendar for that year` will be'producedupon .the reverse face of the device and may be Vreadby referring to.`

ary and February names which appear respectively within lthesectors with the April and4 July month namesI and the AugustV month naine. v f

For the years 1582 and 1752, a folding calendar may be provided for each year, the

first being indicated by the numeral 23 and the second by they numeral l24 and these calendars may be housedV within afolding cover 25 and arranged upon the ,facev ofthe plate 1 in the manner clearly shown in Figs.

1 and 2 of the drawings, the calendars'themselves being shown open or spread out in Figa. lnstead'of providing individual calendars for the years 1582 and 17 52 ofthe construe-'f tion above describedand illustrated in the drawings, the calendars for the'seyears may be printed directly upon the face of the'sheet 2 for example or upon any other accessible portion of the article. Y

lt isr preferable that the month names'in the spaces 22 be followed by individual numerals indicating the number of days in each respective monthas clearly shown in Fig. lof the drawings. It will be observed by reference to 4this figure,'furthermore that the months are arranged in chronological order Vreading in the direction indicated by the arrows in the said spaces 22 and a 'knowledge of this arrangement will, of course prove helpful in locating any particularmonth.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is.:

1. In a perpetual calendar, members, one

rotatable with relation tothe other, one memberV bearing upon one yface an annular series of year'ordinals, the other member bearing an' annular series of centurial year oi'dinals adapted to be selectively positioned in relation to the year ordinals of the irst mentioned member in the rotation of one of the members with relation to the other, one i of the said members bearing groups of month designations, and the vother member f beaiing a plurality ofl monthly calendars adapted to be brought into 'juxtaposition' with relation to the month designations through the'rotation of one of the members with relation to the other.

2. ln a perpetual calendar, a relatively i fixed member bearing upon one face an annular series of year ordinals, and a member said members with relation rotatable with relation to the first mentionedA member and bearing an annular series of centurial year ordinals adapted to be selectively positioned in'relation to the year ordinals of the'first mentioned member, the said rst mentioned member bearing groups of month designations, and a rotatable member bearing a plurality of monthly calendars adaptedto'be brought into juxtaposition With relation to the month` designations through'rotation of the second mentioned member.

V3. In a perpetual calendar, `a relatively fixed `member bearing vupon one face an annular series of year ordinals arranged in groups,'and a member rotatable With relation to the rst mentioned member and bearing an annular series of centurial year ordinals also arranged in groups, any group of the centurial year ordinals being adapted to be brought opposite any selectedV group of the first mentioned year ordinals-upon 'rotation of the rotatable member, the said selective registration with the sectors of the othermember upon rotation of one of the of the members'bearing month designations, and the other member bearing a plurality of monthly calendars both to be juxtapositioned through the rotation of one member With relation to the'other.

5. In a perpetual calendar, a `relatively fixed member bearing an annular series of year ordinals arranged in groups and ranging from 00 to 99 in numerical order with successive ordinals locatedin succes*V sive groups excepti'n the instance of ordi nals Which represent leap years, at the occurrence of Which one group is skipped for each of said ordinals, and a member rotaltable VWith'relation to the first mentioned' member and bearing an annular series of centurial year ordinals yarranged in groups which are to be brought selectively opposite the groups of the year ordinals first mentioned, in the rotation of the rotatable memrotation of the second mentionedk to the other, one

, fixed 'member bearing an annular series of year ordinals arran ed in Groups and ranging from oo to 99 b in numerical order with successive ordinals located in successive groups exceptl 1n the instance of ordinals which represent leap years, at the occurrence of which one Vgroup is skipped for each of said ordinals, and a member rotatable with relation to the relatively fixed member and bearing an annular series of centurial year ordinals arranged in groups to be selectively'brought into juxtaposition' to the groups of year ordinals first mentioned, one of the ordinals in one of the last mentioned groupsVV designating centuriall years from 1700 to 1751 and another ordinal in another of saidA last mentioned groups designating centurial years from 41753 to 1799, one of said members bearing groups of month designations, and the other member bearing a plurality of monthly calendars adapted to be brought into juxtaposition with vvrelation tothe month designations through rotation of the rotatable member.

In Aa perpetual calendar, a relatively fixed Vmember bearing an'annular series or year ordinals arranged in groupsV and rangY ing from O0 to 997 in numerical order, successivelordinals appearing in successive groups except upon thev occurrence of an ordinal designating a leap year when one group is skipped, a member rotatable With relation to the first mentioned member and Y bearing anfannular series of centurial year numbers likewise arranged in Vgroups to be brought into juxtaposition selectively tothe first mentioned groups upon rotation of the rotatable member with relation to the fixed member, one of the centurial year 'numbers'V designating the years of a century prior to a change in the calendar madek in said cenn tury, another one of the centurial year Vordi-k nalsrepresenting years Vsubsequent to the year 'of such change, one ofV said members bearing groups of month designations, the Y other member bearing a plurality 0f monthly calendars adapted to be brought into juxtaposition with relation to the month designations through rotation ofV the rotatable member, and a complete calendar for the year of the change. l

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ROBERT PENTLAND( fa e] 

